Carl rogers Essay

Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a pityingistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow, exclusively added that for a soulfulness to beget, they postulate an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-importance-importance-disclosure), acceptance (being mastern with lordly autocratic take c atomic number 18), and empathy (being listened to and understood). Without these, relationships and healthy mortalalities will not develop as they should, much bid a tree will not grow without sunlight and water. Rogers believed that e real individual stool happen upon their goals, wishes and desires in look. When, or rather if they did so, self tangibleization took place. This was wholeness of Carl Rogers most important contri thations to psychology and for a somebody to r each(prenominal) their authority a number of factors must be satisfied. ego ActualizationThe existence has single sanctioned t removeency and striving to a ctualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism (Rogers, 1951, p. 487). Rogers rejected the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviorism and maintained that we deport as we do beca put on of the way we comprehend our situation. As no one else provoke know how we perceive, we ar the best experts on ourselves. Carl Rogers (1959) believed that humans agree one fundamental motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize i.e. to fulfill ones potential and reach out the highest level of human-beingness we can. resembling a flower that will grow to its full potential if the conditions atomic number 18 right, and which is constrained by its environment, so peck will flourish and reach their potential if their environment is unplayful enough. How incessantly, un deal a flower, the potential of the private human is unique, and we argon meant to develop in different ship canal according to our psycheality. Rogers believed that community ar inherently practiced and fictive. They start destructive whole when a poor self-concept or remote constraints override the valuing plow.Carl Rogers believed that for a psyche to achieve self-actualization they must be in a severalise of congruity. This means that self-actualization occurs when a psyches ideal self (i.e. who they would bid to be) is harmonious with their actual behavior (self-image). Rogers describes an individual who is actualizing as a amply carrying into action mortal.The main determinant of whether we will become self-actualized is puerility give. The Fully Functioning someoneRogers believed that every someone could achieve their goals wishes, and desires in life. When they did so self-actualization took place. For Rogers (1961) tidy sum who are subject be self-actualize, and that is not all in all of us, are called fully surgical process somebodys. This means that the individual is in give ear with the here and now, his or her subjective get it on s and feelings, continually growing and changing. In many ways Rogers finded the fully functioning someone as an ideal and one that commonwealth do not ultimately achieve. It is ravish to forecast of this as an end or completion of lifes journey rather it is a process of always becoming and changing. Rogers identified flipper characteristics of the fully functioning person 1. indeterminate to determine both verificatory and interdict emotions accepted. Negative feelings are not denied, precisely worked through (rather than resort to ego defending team mechanisms). 2. Existential living in touch with different begets as they occur in life, avoiding prejudging and preconceptions.Being able to live and fully appreciate the present, not always flavor back to the past or preliminary to the future (i.e. living for the moment). 3. Trust feelings feeling, instincts and gut-reactions are paid attention to and depo turn aroundd. Peoples own decisions are the right ones and we should trust ourselves to make the right choices. 4. Creativity fictive thinking and risk taking are features of a persons life. person does not play safe all the time. This involves the ability to adjust and change and adjudicate new experiences. 5. Fulfilled life person is happy and satisfied with life, and always facial expression for new challenges and experiences. For Rogers, fully functioning the great unwashed are well adjusted, well equilibrate and interesting to know. Often such people are high achievers in society. Critics rubric that the fully functioning person is a product of Western culture. In earliest(a) cultures, such as Eastern cultures, the accomplishment of the group is valued to a greater extent highly than the achievement of any one person. temper DevelopmentCentral to Rogers personality possibleness is the notion of self or self-concept. This is delimit as the organized, undifferentiated set of perceptions and beliefs nigh oneself. The self is the humanistic term for who we rightfully are as aperson. The self is our midland personality, and can be normalisedned to the soul, or Freuds psyche. The self is inclined by the experiences a person has in their life, and out interpretations of those experiences. deuce primary sources that influence our self-concept are puerility experiences and evaluation by differents. According to Rogers (1959), we privation to feel, experience and behave in ways which are consistent with our self-image and which reflect what we would like to be like, our ideal-self. The closer our self-image and ideal-self are to each other, the more consistent or congruent we are and the higher our sense of self-worth. A person is said to be in a deposit of incongruence if some of the conglomeration of their experience is unacceptable to them and is denied or distort in the self-image. The humanistic approach states that the self is composed of concepts unique to ourselves.The self-concept includes three components self-importance worth (or self-esteem) what we think closely ourselves. Rogers believed feelings of self-worth essential in early babyhood and were organise from the interaction of the baby with the mother and father. Self-image How we see ourselves, which is important to good psychological health. Self-image includes the influence of our body image on inner personality. At a simple level, we efficiency perceive ourselves as a good or bad person, beautiful or ugly. Self-image has an affect on how a person thinks feels and behaves in the founding. Ideal self This is the person who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic i.e. evermore changing. The ideal self in childhood is not the ideal self in our teens or late twenties etc. Self Worth and confirmative involveCarl Rogers (1951) viewed the child as having two basic learns supreme regard from other people and self-worth. How we think about ourselves, our f eelings of self-worth are of fundamental importance both to psychological health and to the likelihood that we can achieve goals and ambitions in life and achieve self-actualization. Self-worth whitethorn be seen as a continuum from very high to very low. For Carl Rogers (1959) a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and positive feelings about him or her self, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and sorrow at times, and is open with people. A person with low self-worth may avoid challenges in life, not accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and willbe defensive and unemotional with other people. Rogers believed feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father. As a child grows older, interactions with significant others will affect feelings of self-worth. Rogers believed that we posit to be regarded positively by others we need to feel valued, respected, treate d with affection and love. Positive regard is to do with how other people evaluate and judge us in social interaction. Rogers made a mark between flavorless positive regard and conditional positive regard. Unconditional positive regard is where parents, significant others (and the humanist therapist) accepts and loves the person for what he or she is. Positive regard is not withdrawn if the person does something wrong or makes a mistake.The consequences of unconditional positive regard are that the person feels tolerant to try things out and make mistakes, yet though this may lead to get it worse at times. People who are able to self-actualize are more in all likelihood to have received unconditional positive regard from others, especially their parents in childhood. conditional positive regard is where positive regard, acclamation and approval, depend upon the child, for example, behaving in ways that the parents think correct. Hence the child is not loved for the person he or she is, but on condition that he or she behaves only in ways pass by the parent(s). At the extreme, a person who constantly seeks approval from other people is likely only to have experient conditional positive regard as a child. CongruenceA persons ideal self may not be consistent with what in truth happens in life and experiences of the person. Hence, a difference of opinion may exist between a persons ideal self and actual experience. This is called incongruence. Where a persons ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar, a state of congruence exists. Rarely, if ever does a total state of congruence exist all people experience a certain amount of incongruence. The breeding of congruence is dependent on unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of congruence.According to Rogers, we want to feel, experience and behave in ways which are consistent with our self-image and whi ch reflect what we would like to be like, our ideal-self. The closer ourself-image and ideal-self are to each other, the more consistent or congruent we are and the higher our sense of self-worth. A person is said to be in a state of incongruence if some of the totality of their experience is unacceptable to them and is denied or distorted in the self-image. Incongruence is a discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the individual until now as it represents that experience. As we prefer to see ourselves in ways that are consistent with our self-image, we may use defense mechanisms like denial or repression in consecrate to feel less threatened by some of what we consider to be our unsuitable feelings. A person whose self-concept is incongruent with her or his real feelings and experiences will defend because the truth hurts. Carl Rogers QuotesWhen I look at the world Im pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic. The very essen ce of the creative is its novelty, and hence we have no standard by which to judge it (Rogers, 1961, p. 351). I have gradually come to one negative conclusion about the good life. It seems to me that the good life is not any ameliorate state. It is not, in my estimation, a state of virtue, or contentment, or nirvana, or happiness. It is not a condition in which the individual is adjusted or fulfilled or actualized. To use psychological terms, it is not a state of drive-reduction, or tension-reduction, or homeostasis (Rogers, 1967, p. 185-186). The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction not a destination (Rogers, 1967, p. 187). ReferencesRogers, C. (1951). Client-centered Therapy Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London Constable. Rogers, C. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, psychology A Study of a Science. Vol. 3 Formulations of the Person a nd the Social Context. New York McGraw Hill. Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming a Person-A Psychotherapists View of Psychotherapy. Rogers, C. R., Stevens, B., Gendlin, E. T., Shlien, J. M., & van Dusen, W. (1967).Person to person The problem of being human A new trend in psychology.Lafayette, CA Real People Press.