Power integrations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Power integrations - Research Paper Example Identify and discuss the marketing and distribution channels used to communicate and deliver value to their business customers 8 8.What is the industrial network developed by the company to support their business customers? 9 Part 4 9 9.Describe the marketing strategy used by the suppliers to reach the different segment of customers 9 10.How does the company segment their business customers and create value for each segment? 10 11.Describe each segment and the relevant relationship type and communication activities for each segment. 10 Part 5 11 12.Describe the types of relationships that can be developed with business customers and identify the key communication strategies that are relevant to each relationship approach 11 13.Describe the sales management approach used by the company to build relationship 12 14.Analyse the channel and sales management the company uses to deliver services and value 12 Part 6 13 15.How business customer does perceive cost, benefits and price in evalua ting a product/services offer from a supplier? 13 Part 7 14 17.Discuss how the company uses the business marketing mix to create a competitive advantage and deliver value 14 Reference 16 Part 1 1. Analyze the buying process used by different segments of business customers. ... mpanies accounted for more than 62% of the global power supply revenues, while the captive manufacturers accounted for the remaining 38% of the revenue of the company. While the total number of manufacturers of power supplies exceeded 1000, there were only 30 power supply companies whose yearly revenues exceeded $100 million, while another three quarters yielded less than $5 million of revenue every year. The manufacturer sales of the AC/DC converter power supplies accounted for a total of $11.2 billion in the year 2001. The yearly shipment of new internal and external AC/DC power supplies totalled around 1 billion units in the same year. The custom power supplies were designed for specific applications and the standard power supplies were designed for meeting multiple applications. 2. Discuss the key factors that will affect the buying process and decisions for a business customer One of the important characteristic of business customers is the buying process and the decision making process. The organisational buying decision or the behaviour is often termed as the â€Å"decision making process† through which formal organisation tends to establish the required needs for the required products as well as services and in addition identify and evaluate and finally choose from the desired brand and suppliers. Thus two key factors of buying behaviour include the actors of exchange and the nature of exchange. The actors are the formal organisations and as a result the buying process is very complex. The number of members in the buying decision centre often varies and the role of the manger shift which depends on the buying decision and various stages of the buying decisions. Secondly the exchange volume and power in the B2B exchange differs from the individual buying decision

Psychology Essay Example for Free

Psychology Essay Operant conditioning is a form of learning that is environmentally gathered. Learn the skill, practice the skill, then step back and examine the results. Observational learning also called social learning. A person behavior is influenced by what happens to other people when ten bases they behave certain ways. The person who is learning does so by seeing responses are elicited by other behaviors. The person then bases their behavior on the lessons learned by watching what happens to the other people. Social learning is in social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction. The different kinds of learning can be utilized in the workplace: Operant conditioning: One of my coworkers is having trouble with understanding the job. So I voluntarily helped them out. That increases my reputation at work. After that I will get positive feedback from coworkers. Observational learning: At the workplace, it is forbidden to do something which you’ve never done before. That’s why, before you start working on something new; ask someone about that job to show you how to do it. So you can learn and be able to do it. Social learning: Advertisements, TV, internet shows because we observe them, then copy them. How is prejudice developed and nurtured through classical and operant conditioning? Give specific examples that demonstrate each kind of learning. Prejudice is a learned, generally negative attitude directed toward specific people solely because of their membership in an identified group. Prejudice is developed and nurtured through classical and operant conditioning from three elements. Affective (emotions about the group), behavioral (negative action toward members of the group) and cognitive (stereotypical beliefs about team members). People learn prejudice the same way they learn all attitudes through classical and operant conditioning. For example, repeated exposure to stereotypical portrayals of minorities and women on TV, in movies and in magazines teach children that such images are correct. Similarly hearing parents, friends and teachers express their prejudices also reinforce prejudice. 3. ) You are scheduled to present the result of your work on creating a new software program for your company. What memory techniques will you use in order to be free of too much dependence on notes and power point slides? Be specific as to how you will relate the technique to the content of the presentation Long –term memory: Encoding because it is elaborative rehearsal, the processing is more than visual. The three R’s registration, retention and retrieval. 4. ) Name and describe the three qualities of emotional intelligence according to Goleman. If you were interviewing applicants for a position in your company and wanted to know whether they had emotional intelligence, how would you go about discovering that? Would you do that in an interview or some other means? Posses self control of emotions such as anger, impulsiveness and anxiety. The ability to understand what others feel such as empathy. The ability to motivate oneself. I feel you can find a person emotional intelligence in an interview because a person can manage their emotions. They don’t get angry in stressful situations. They have the ability to look at a problem calmly and find a solution. I would go about discovering by asking questions or just observing how the questions are answered and giving different scenarios of a situations and pay attention to responses.

The Two-Tiered System of Allusions :: essays research papers

In Hollywood today, most films can be categorized according to the genre system. There are action films, horror flicks, Westerns, comedies and the likes. On a broader scope, films are often separated into two categories: Hollywood films, and independent or foreign ‘art house’ films. Yet, this outlook, albeit superficial, was how many viewed films. Celebrity-packed blockbusters filled with action and drama, with the use of seamless top-of-the-line digital editing and special effects were considered ‘Hollywood films’. Films where unconventional themes like existentialism or paranoia, often with excessive violence or sex or a combination of both, with obvious attempts to displace its audiences from the film were often attributed with the generic label of ‘foreign’ or ‘art house’ cinema. In recent times, such stereotyped categorizations of films are becoming inapplicable. ‘Blockbusters’ with celebrity-studded casts may have plots in which characters explore the depths of the human psyche, or avant-garde film techniques. Titles like ‘American Beauty’ (1999), ‘Fight Club’ (1999) and ‘Kill Bill 2’ (2004) come readily into mind. Hollywood perhaps could be gradually losing its stigma as a money-hungry machine churning out predictable, unintelligent flicks for mass consumption. While whether this image of Hollywood is justified remains open to debate, earlier films in the 60’s and 70’s like ‘Bonnie and Clyde’ (1967) and ‘Taxi Driver’ (1976) already revealed signs of depth and avant-garde film techniques. These films were successful as not only did they appeal to the mass audience, but they managed to communicate alternate messages to select groups who understood subtleties within th em. This was achieved via a two-tiered system, in which films could be viewed and interpreted on different levels. On one level, audiences could appreciate the film at face-value; the cohesive union the plot and acting of the characters to bring about a story which entertains and sometimes, carried messages or morals, such as Lumet’s ‘Dog Day Afternoon’ (1975), which had political implications. On another level, the other group of audience – those who have knowledge of film history or are learned in film culture – were able to admire artistic craftsmanship of film techniques the director employed, or appreciate the subtleties and allusions embedded within the film. As Carroll (1981: 56) explained, most movie-goers in the late seventies often felt as if they were watching two films simultaneously – the simple genre film, and the art film, coordinated with allusions in which the film-literate could pick out. He states that this system allowed Hollyw ood to remain faithful to the mass audience, yet popular among the rising film-literate generation.

Essay about Curley’s wife -- English Literature

Essay about Curley’s wife Curley’s wife is the only female character in the novel Of Mice of Men; Curley’s wife is never given a name and is only referred to in reference to her husband. Like the other people on the ranch, she is very lonely and has dreams of a better life which never come true. The author John Steinbeck introduces Curley’s wife in a symbolic ness way, this is shown when George is talking to Lennie about the dream and when Curley’s wife first meets both the men. â€Å"Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in.† The symbolic ness of the word sunshine is hope, freedom, happiness and dreams. This foreshadows that she may cause trouble or come in the way and could ruin it all for Lennie and George. Steinbeck also describes her as a ‘girl’, which tells us that she is very playful, childish and vulnerable. Curley’s wife is trying to make her self attractive by applying make up and dressing up as if she was going to a party. This is clear shown as Steinbeck describes her â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes† This suggests she is trying to be provocative and incongruous. Curley’s wife also wears red, red gives the symbolic ness of danger and seductiveness. Curley’s wife is described â€Å"Heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers.† Again the red on her fingernails and the red mules are symbolic to danger. Steinbeck is again suggesting that women are trouble makers who ruin everything for the men. Curley’s wife is in a ranch and she dresses up as if... ...alk.† Steinbeck is clearly suggesting that not a single person would trust each other on the ranch. The presentation of Curley’s wife’s death was astonishing due to the way Steinbeck described her after the death. Steinbeck is suggesting that she was under pressure, trying to gain attention and she was mean. Steinbeck described her as she was â€Å"the meanness and the planning’s and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young† This suggest that she was under pressure all the time but when she died everything was just normal. It also suggests that the entire ache for attention was just gone and a simple beautiful woman was lying dead. Overall Steinbeck is suggesting that all the characters are cruel because they’re powerless and they all want to exercise their power.

Negotiations for Managers Essay

(1 – 50 are worth 1.2 points a piece) 1. Which is not a characteristic of a negotiation or bargaining situation? A)conflict between parties B)two or more parties involved C)an established set of rules D)a voluntary process E)None of the above is a characteristic of a negotiation. 2. Which of the following is not an intangible factor in a negotiation? A)the need to look good B)final agreed price on a contract C)the desire to book more business D)fear of setting a precedent E)All of the above are intangible factors. 3. Interdependent parties’ relationships are characterized by A)interlocking goals. B)solitary decision making. C)established procedures. D)rigid structures. E)Interdependent relationships are characterized by all of the above. 4. Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by A)the process through which an agreement is reached and the dollar value of concessions made by each party. B)the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation as compared to the initial bargaining positions of the negotiators. C)the process through which an agreement is reached and by the actual outcome obtained by the negotiation. D)the total dollar value of concessions made by each party. E)Satisfaction with a negotiation is determined by none of the above. 5. Which of the following statements about conflict is true? A)Conflict is the result of tangible factors. B)Conflict can occur when two parties are working toward the same goal and generally want the same outcome. C)Conflict only occurs when both parties want a very different settlement. D)Conflict has a minimal effect on interdependent relationships. E)All of the above statements about conflict are true. 6. Which of the following contribute to conflict’s destructive image? A)increased communication B)misperception and bias C)clarifying issues D)minimized differences; magnified similarities E)All of the above contribute to conflict’s destructive image. 7. In the Dual Concerns Model, the level of concern for the individual’s own outcomes and the level of concern for the other’s outcomes are referred to as the A)cooperativeness dimension and the competitiveness dimension. B)the assertiveness dimension and the competitiveness dimension. C)the competitiveness dimension and the aggressiveness dimension. D)the cooperativeness dimension and the assertiveness dimension. E)None of the above. 8. Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy A)show little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, but are quite interested in whether the other party attains his or her outcomes. B)pursue their own outcome strongly and shows little concern for whether the other party obtains his or her desired outcome. C)shows little interest or concern in whether they attain their own outcomes, and does not show much concern about whether the other party obtains his or her outcomes. D)show high concern for attaining their own outcomes and high concern for whether the other attains his or her outcomes. E)Negotiators pursuing the yielding strategy demonstrate none of the above behaviors. 9. A situation in which solutions exist so that both parties are trying to find a mutually acceptable solution to a complex conflict is known as which of the following? A)mutual gains B)win-lose C)zero-sum D)win-win E)None of the above. 10. T or F The parties prefer to negotiate and search for agreement rather than to fight openly, have one side dominate and the other capitulate, permanently break off contact, or take their dispute to a higher authority to resolve it 11. T or F When the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the goal—such as running a race in which there will be only one winner—this is a competitive situation, also known as a non-zero-sum or distributive situation 12. T or f Negotiators do not have to be versatile in their comfort and use of both major strategic approaches to be successful. 13. Distributive bargaining strategies A)are the most efficient negotiating strategies to use. B)are used in all interdependent relationships. C)are useful in maintaining long term relationships. D)can cause negotiators to ignore what the parties have in common. E)None of the above describes distributive bargaining strategies. 14. The objective of both parties in distributive bargaining is to obtain as much of which of the following as possible? A)bargaining range B)resistance point C)target point D)bargaining mix E)None of the above. 15. The resistance point is established by the ____________ expected from a particular outcome, which is in turn the product of the ____________ and ____________ of an outcome. A)cost, value, worth B)value, worth, cost C)value, cost and timeliness D)cost, importance, value E)None of the above. 16. The more you can convince the other that you value a particular outcome outside the other’s bargaining range, the more pressure you put on the other party to set by one of the following resistance points. A)high B)low C)modest D)extreme E)None of the above. 17. T or F The resistance point is the point at which a negotiator would like to conclude negotiations. 18. T or F Each party’s resistance point is openly stated at the conclusion of negotiations. 19. T or F The more you can do to convince the other party that his or her costs of delay or aborting negotiations will be costly, the more likely he or she will be to establish a modest resistance point. 20. T or F Studies indicate that negotiators who make low or modest opening offers get higher settlements than do those who make extreme opening offers. 21. The bargaining range is defined by A)the opening stance and the initial concession. B)the initial round of concessions. C)the bargaining mix and the opening stance. D)the opening offer and the counteroffer. E)The bargaining range is defined by all of the above. 22. Good distributive bargainers will A)begin negotiations with the other party with an opening offer close to their own resistance point. B)ensure that there is enough room in the bargaining range to make some concessions. C)accept an offer that is presented as a fait accompli. D)immediately identify the other party’s target point. E)All of the above are actions that good distributive bargainers will take. 23. What statement about concessions is false? A)Concessions are central to negotiations. B)Concessions is another word for adjustments in position. C)Concession making exposes the concession maker to some risk. D)Reciprocating concessions is a haphazard process. E)All of the above statements are true. 24. Negotiators who make threats A)are perceived as more powerful than negotiators who do not use threats. B)receive higher outcomes than negotiators who do not use threats. C)are perceived as more cooperative in distributive negotiations. D)should use detailed, complex statements of demands, conditions and consequences. E)All of the above describe negotiators who make threats. 25. Hardball tactics are designed to A)be used primarily against powerful negotiators. B)clarify the user’s adherence to a distributive bargaining approach. C)pressure targeted parties to do things they would not otherwise do. D)eliminate risk for the person using the tactic. E)Hardball tactics are designed to accomplish all of the above. 26. The negotiator’s basic strategy is to A)get information about the opposition and its positions. B)reach the final settlement as close to the other’s resistance point as possible. C)convince members of the other party to change their minds about their ability to achieve their own goals. D)promote his or her own objectives as desirable, necessary, and inevitable. E)All of the above. 27. T or F Integrative agreements have been shown to be facilitated when parties exchanged information about their positions on particular issues, but not necessarily about their priorities on those issues. 28. T or F An integrative negotiation problem should be defined as a solution process rather than as a specific goal to be attained. 29. T or F In generating alternative solutions to the problem, groups should also adopt procedures for defining the problem, defining the interests, and generating options, however, to prevent the group process from degenerating into a win-lose competition or a debating event. 30. T or F â€Å"Expanding the pie† as a method of generating alternative solutions is a complex process, as it requires much more detailed information about the other party than do other methods. 31. Which of the following processes is central to achieving almost all integrative agreements? A)moderating the free flow of information to ensure that each party’s position is accurately stated B)exchanging information about each party’s position on key issues C)emphasizing the commonalties between the parties D)searching for solutions that maximize the substantive outcome for both parties E)All of the above processes are central to achieving integrative agreements. 32. In which major step of the integrative negotiation process of identifying and defining the problem would you likely find that if the problem is complex and multifaceted the parties may not even be able to agree on a statement of the problem? A)define the problem in a way that is mutually acceptable to both sides. B)state the problem with an eye toward practicality and comprehensiveness. C)state the problem as a goal and identify the obstacles to attaining this goal. D)depersonalizing the problem. E)separate the problem definition from the search for solutions. 33. Which of the following statements about interests is true? A)There is only one type of interest in a dispute. B)Parties are always in agreement about the type of interests at stake. C)Interests are often based in more deeply rooted human needs or values. D)Interests do not change during the course of an integrative negotiation. E)All of the above statements about interests are true. 34. Successful logrolling requires A)that the parties establish more than one issue in conflict and then agree to trade off among these issues so one party achieves a highly preferred outcome on the first issue and the other person achieves a highly preferred outcome on the second issue. B)no additional information about the other party than his/her interests, and assumes that simply enlarging the resources will solve the problem. C)that one party is allowed to obtain his/her objectives and he/she then â€Å"pays off† the other party for accommodating his/her interests. D)a fundamental reformulation of the problem such that the parties are disclosing sufficient information to discover their interests and needs and then inventing options that will satisfy both parties’ needs. E)Successful logrolling requires all of the above. 35. When confronted with complex problems, or a large number of alternative options, which of the following steps is necessary? A)broaden the range of solution options B)evaluate solutions on the basis of quality, standards, and acceptability C)decide on criteria while evaluating options D)maintain a focus on the influence of tangibles in selecting options E)All of the above steps should be used when confronted with complex problems. 36. In nonspecific compensation A)resources are added in such a way that both sides can achieve their objectives. B)one party achieves his/her objectives and the other’s costs are minimized if he/she agrees to go along. C)the parties are able to invent new options that meet each sides’ needs. D)one person is allowed to obtain his/her objectives and â€Å"pay off† the other person for accommodating his interests. E)All of the above are related to nonspecific compensation. 37. Which guideline should be used in evaluating options and reaching a consensus? A)keep the range of solution options as wide as possible B)evaluate the solutions on the basis of speed and expediency C)keep detailed records throughout the discussion and evaluation process D)be alert to the influence of intangibles in selecting options E)None of the above should be used in the evaluation process. 38. Which of the following is not necessary for integrative negotiation to succeed? A)Each party should be as interested in the objectives and problems of the other as each is in his/her own—each must assume responsibility for the other’s needs and outcomes as well as for his/her own. B)The parties must be committed to a goal that benefits both of them rather than to pursuing only their own ends. C)The parties must be willing to adopt interpersonal styles that are more congenial than combative, more open and trusting than evasive and defensive, more flexible (but firm) than stubborn (but yielding). D)Needs have to be made explicit, similarities have to be identified, and differences have to be recognized and accepted. E)All of the above are essential for integrative negotiation to succeed. 39. Which of the following factors does not contribute to the development of trust between negotiators? A)We are more likely to trust someone we perceive as similar to us or as holding a positive attitude toward us. B)We often mistrust people who are dependent upon us because we are in a position to help or hurt them. C)We are more likely to trust people who initiate cooperative, trusting behavior. D)We are more likely to trust negotiators who make concessions. E)All of the above contribute to the development of trust between negotiators. 40. What are the most critical precursors for achieving negotiation objectives? A)Effective strategizing, planning and preparation B)goal setting and target planning C)defining frames and setting goals D)framing and strategizing E)none of the above 41. Which of the following is not a reason that negotiations fail? A)Allowing insufficient time for planning B)Failing to set clear objectives C)Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of their and the other party’s positions D)Depending on being quick and clever during negotiations 42. A strong interest in achieving only the relationship outcomes suggests one, if any, of the following strategies. Which one? A)competitive B)accommodation C)collaborative D)avoidance E)none of the above 43. Getting to know the other party and understanding similarities and differences represents what key step in the negotiation process: A)preparation B)information gathering C)relationship building D)information using E)None of the above 44. What is the dominant force for success in negotiation? A)a distributive vs. integrative strategy B)the planning that takes place prior to the dialogue C)the discussions that precede planning sessions D)the tactics selected in support of strategic goals E)all of the above 45. Does any of the following represent the point at which we realistically expect to achieve a settlement? A)specific target point B)resistance point C)alternative D)asking price E)none of the above 46. If the other party has a strong and viable alternative, he/she will A)be dependent on achieving a satisfactory agreement B)appear aggressive and hostile in negotiations C)set and push for high objectives D)have unlimited negotiating authority E)all of the above 47. Under which of the following questions of protocol would you find a bargaining relationship discussion about procedural issues that should occur before the major substantive ones have been raised? A)What agenda should we follow? B)Where should we negotiate? C)What is the time period of the negotiation? D)What might be done if negotiation fails? E)How will we keep track of what is agreed to? 48. T or F If what we want exceeds what the other party is capable of or willing to give, we must either change our goals or end the negotiation. 49. T or F If both substance and relationship outcomes are important, the negotiator should pursue a competitive strategy. 50. T or F Alternatives are very important in both distributive and integrative processes because they define whether the current outcome is better than any other possibility. (51 – 54 are worth 10 points a piece) 51. Name the four levels of conflict that are commonly identified. Explain how conflict is a potential consequence of interdependent relationships. 52. What characteristics of original offer, opening stance and opening concession would signal a position of firmness? Of flexibility? What are the advantages of adopting a flexible position? 53. What tactics can be used to communicate firm flexibility to an opponent? In addition, what guidelines should be used in evaluating options and reaching a consensus? 54. Research by Greenhalgh suggests there are seven key steps to an ideal negotiation process. Which of the Greenhalgh seven steps of negotiation do Asian negotiators spend a great deal of time on? Why is this so important?

Spirit of St. Louis essays

Spirit of St. Louis essays In a Garden City Hotel near Roosevelt Field, there are publicans working on numerous news articles. In a hotel room, Charles Landenberg sleeps delightfully. While in his room trying to fall asleep he thinks about his trip to Paris and he also reminisces about the times of how he used to be an airmail pilot. He thinks about the times when hed always fly in horrible weather. When he tried to fly the plane in bad weather, the plane broke down; therefore, he decides to take the train. There he realizes he want to purchase a plane of his own, which he calls Columbia Airpcraft to sponsor him; however, he were reluctant to help so he called Global Democrat; moreover, they were interested because of his spirit, preservation and motivation. With that spirit, the name of the plane became The Spirit of St. Louis. While building the plane he was informed that 2 other men has died trying to attempt the same thing. It had taken 63 days to finish building the plane; however, when they finish , Charles found out about 2 men whom were from Paris that had passed away while trying to fly over the Atlantic. Even though knowing about the incident, he decides to go to St. Louis anyway to prepare for his flight. His sponsors tries to convince Charles not to fly; however, it seemed impossible. During his stay in St. Louis, he reminisces of the old childhood days such as when he use to train with a priest who have given him a necklace that symbolizes that when he flies he is closer to God. He then decides to take his flight a few hours early; therefore, he is off preparing for the flight. Before his flight, one of his managers puts the necklace that the priest gave him into the plane for Charles. Landenberg takes off into the shadowy sky. After 28 hours he almost falls asleep and the weather turns stormy. A little while later, he is over the Atlantic Ocean and then spots an iceberg, which he considers on landing on to take ...

Rethinking Help for Children the Wic Program essays

Rethinking Help for Children the Wic Program essays The New York Times editorial, Rethinking Help for Children points out the insufficiency of a thirty year-old federal program to achieve its goals. The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food assistance program was established in the mid 1970s and intended to provide financial help to approximately 8 million individuals that includes about half of all American infants and one-quarter of children (NYT 2008). According to the criticisms highlighted by the article, the structure of the program provides food vouchers to low-income families, but those vouchers are usable mainly for high-fat and high-sugar foods that contradict some of the basic dietary principles that nutritionists have developed in the three decades since the inception of the WIC program. Under pressure from the Institute of Medicine, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) updated WIC regulations to improve the nutritional value to recipients, but even those changes are insufficient, largely because budgetary concerns limit the program budget to increases that amount to a few extra dollars each month, per person, for better nutritional choices such as fresh fruits and vegetables (NYT 2008). The Functionalist Reaction and Remedy: In general, functionalists view society as an interconnected organism in which the whole is only as healthy as the overall health of all its parts; they also consider the needs of everyone in society as the responsibility of society to provide as a whole (Macionis 2003). Therefore, functionalist observers of the WIC situation would strongly criticize the OMB for failing to authorize sufficient funding to achieve the changes to the program In light of changes in nutritional philosophy since the 1970s, functionalist critics would insist on increasing the program budget in accordance with the nutritional needs of its recipients instead of adhering to a budget that only p...

20 Synonyms for Law, Order, or Rule

20 Synonyms for Law, Order, or Rule 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Law,† â€Å"Order,† or â€Å"Rule† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Law,† â€Å"Order,† or â€Å"Rule† By Mark Nichol Many words exist that refer to an expectation expressed by an authoritative person or entity, and sometimes it’s difficult to distinguish such terms when one tries to convey a reference to a law, an order, or a rule. Here are some synonyms for those words, along with definitions. 1. Behest: an order or prompting 2. Charge: an order, or information given to a jury about the applicability of law to a specific case 3. Command: an order, especially one given by a superior officer in a military or law enforcement hierarchy, or a signal that leads to an action 4. Commandment: something ordered 5. Decree: an order, or a decision by a judicial or religious official 6. Demand: an order with an expectation of compliance and a consequence for noncompliance 7. Dictate: an order or rule; also synonymous with injunction and prescription 8. Direction: an order, or an indication of how actions should occur in a performance or how music should be played 9. Directive: an order issued by a government entity, an official, or an organization 10. Edict: an order or proclamation 11. Imperative: an order or a rule, or a similar statement 12. Injunction: an order, or a legal requirement to do or not do something 13. Instruction: an order or direction; also synonymous with precept 14. Mandate: an order handed down from one court or other judicial body to another, or an authorization granted to a government official or a government, an order for establishment of a government, or a territory under such an order 15. Ordinance: a law or order established by a government entity, especially on the municipal level, a specified ceremony or custom, or something ordered by a god or determined by fate 16. Precept: an order given to an official by the person’s superior, or an order or a principle that is to be considered a general rule 17. Prescription: a right or title, an establishment of a rule, a claim or rule or tradition based on custom, a direction for preparation and/or use of a medicine or similar treatment, or the medicine or treatment itself 18. Regulation: a procedural rule, or an order enforceable by a government agency, or the act or state of developing one or more such rules 19. Statute: a law developed by a government’s legislative branch, the documentation for creating an agency and specifying its authority and scope, or a rule established by a corporation 20. Word: a direction or order Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Body Parts as Tools of MeasurementPreposition Mistakes #1: Accused and Excited

Harmful Effects of Anti-Shia Discrimination Assignment

Harmful Effects of Anti-Shia Discrimination - Assignment Example Discrimination against the Shi’a has led to their inability to practice their religion, which has caused resentment towards their Sunni counterparts, as they are denied their right to worship. For example, Chehab in Sunni vs. Shia: All You Need to Know claims that â€Å"Jordanian tribes have banned Shi’as from paying homage at the historical grave site of a prominent Shi’a imam† (13). ...This led to protests in which over fifty Shi’a members either were killed or went missing. The Shi’a Muslims are also disallowed to access religious centers such as mosques, forcing them to perform their prayers on Friday in their houses (Chehab 13). This means that Shi’a Muslims, despite being part of the broader Islam family, are second-class religious citizens in most Muslim dominated countries. They are treated no differently than Christians, who are discriminated against in the same way and might as well be without religion. This has all the hallm arks of an irreversible religious war if unchecked. In addition, all able-bodied Muslims are required to visit Mecca at least once in their lifetime, which is one of Islam’s five pillars, to perform the Hajj. Although this event is supposed to count as one of the most intense religious times in the Muslim calendar, a group of Shi’as who were on a pilgrimage was arrested in 2009 by the Saudi religious police. This was part of Sunni Muslims,’ particularly the Wahhabi sect’s, aim to â€Å"purify Islam of any innovations or practices that deviate from the seventh-century teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions† (Giritlioglu 1). The incident resulted in one of the pilgrims, a fifteen-year-old boy, being shot in the head and chest, while a Shi’a sheik was knifed by an unknown person in the back for being what he termed as a rejectionist. Allowed to continue, such actions can only lead to reprisal attacks in Shi’a majority count ries, resulting in a never-ending cycle of violence.

Use r(which is a software) stata or excel to do the assignment - 1

Use r(which is a software) stata or excel to do the - Assignment Example This supports the model, which supposes that education is a factor of labor production The scatter plot assumes a downhill pattern as we move from left to right. As the values in the horizontal axis increase, those in the vertical axis decrease. The trend line drawn also depicts a negative linear association with outliers on either side. The data are scattered all over indicating a t-statistics of less than 0.5 hence weak correlation detected. From the analysis, showing the strong correlation and positive relationship, one can conclude that there is a possible association between education and labor production in any country. This supports the model, which supposes that education is a factor of labor production. The analysis supports the theory that level of education is not a factor for infant mortality. In which case, education only serves as a growth factor and not as a factor which can reduce the number of infants’ deaths. From the scatter plot, the pattern depicted assumes an uphill pattern as we move from left to right. As the values in the horizontal axis increase so do those in the vertical axis. The trend line drawn also depicts a linear association with outliers on either side. Consequently, the aspects show a linear association between the two variables. The cluster also insinuates a t-statistics of more than 5 hence the strong correlation detected. This analysis supports the theory that there is a possibility of relationship between higher levels of education and domestic saving rates. The scatter plots drawn above, shows that levels of education act as one of the major factors influencing growth in a country. First, the possibility of its relation to domestic savings rate shows that a country with greater level of education is likely to witness growth. This is because the increased savings put a country in a better place for exploiting every opportunity that proves beneficial towards growth. Further,

Parpgraising paragragh about phosphene and alkynyl legand Essay

Parpgraising paragragh about phosphene and alkynyl legand - Essay Example Large variety of phosphines are thus possible, while different widely available verities include 1,1’ (BINAP) and 2,2’-bis (diphenylphosphino). In such chiral systems, steric constraints come up, that can be resolved into diastereomers. While discussing reactivity of complexes belonging to phosphine ligands, two properties of these ligands are considered important. These properties relate to their steric bulk and their accepting ability, also called electron donating ability. (d-Metal OGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY) Like alkyl groups, alkynyl, alkenyl and aryl groups can bond to a metal form through a single carbon atom. For this property, these groups are described as â€Å"monohapto’. However, there is a possibility of each of these three groups accepting â€Å"pai† electron density into anti-bonding orbitals, although the same has not been observed, largely, so far. This can be ratified by an example, which shows little change in the stretching frequency of the triple bond in alkynyl complexes, as they attach to a metal; although â€Å"n-1 –alkynyl group† might be considered analogous to a CO group. As per d-metal organometallic chemistry noting, the displacement of halide with a lithium reagent at a metal center can make way for introduction of alkynyl groups into organometallic complexes. While looking at the donor-pair scheme of electron counting, alkynyl ligands are considered to be two-electron donors with a single negative charge. (alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension Essay

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension - Essay Example The literature review looks at some past and recent articles and studies that have specifically explored the role of nurses in the care of hypertension and how this role can evolve to provide an overall healthcare provision. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent conditions that afflict Americans. Sad though it is, what is more disturbing is the fact that a majority of the American population is unaware of their own condition. This puts such individuals in a high risk position. Hypertension does not only lead to increased risks of complications, but also increases the number of visits to the healthcare facilities, leading to loss of time, money and resources. The amount and manpower that the current health care facilities bear in treating cases of hypertension or cases related to or complicated by hypertension are enormous. With time, there is more awareness about methods to prevent, and properly manage cases of hypertension. Early diagnosis of conditions along with prevention of their complications is now one of the main priorities of the health department. Time has shown many changes and trends that have taken place in the approach for treating hypertension in the United States. The figures and statistics are promising. Studies have shown a gradual decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in the USA since the 70s, with more signs of further regression. These results have been obtained due to increased awareness, better and affordable treatment and more control over the understanding of its various physiological processes. (Burt, 1995) The nurses are perhaps the only health care personnel who come in most contact with hypertensive patients. Most of the new cases of hypertensive patients are diagnosed in ambulatory health care visits. Blood pressure readings are taken as a standard protocol in any of the doctor's or other healthcare professional's visit. It is easy to see why the chances of diagnosis of hypertension in a clinical environment and by a nurse are increased. Similarly, during the different in hospital stays and procedures, the regulation and monitoring of blood pressure is one of the most fundamental responsibilities of a nurse.This becomes all the more important in cases who are known to have high blood pressures, are admitted in the hospital due to a complication of hypertension, any co-morbid conditions or diseases, or due to any surgery that has taken place. The nurses keep check and record and up to date monitoring of the patient's vitals in all of the phases of treatment. They are also responsibl e to keep check on the follow ups of the patient and inform accordingly should the need arise.From the abovec in preventing complications due to hypertension is large and necessary. It is also therefore understood how a properly trained staff can help and assist in timely notification and treatment of untoward situations. Nurses are the key players in handling patients with all kinds of hypertension. Therefore, to ensure their proper working and efficiency, we must be able to critically analyze the performances given by the profession.The review aims to look at different studies and articles that focus on the important contributory role that nurses have played and continue to do so in caring for patients with hypertension. It will look at the different challenges that face nurses providing care to hypertensive pati

Service management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Service management - Essay Example Marketing promotion is raising awareness of the customer in the organization’s brand or services. It aims at generating brand and maintaining customer’s loyalty. The objective of promotion is informing people on the services rendered, differentiating the services rendered and increasing demand of the services. Promoting company’s brand is important because people will focus on the company too not just the services they render, in case they come up with other services it will be easy to introduce to the market. Promotion can be in a physical environment or through media. Product is the first P and you look if the organization is selling the right product in our case service (Solomon &Marshall & Stuart,  2012). To know the right service, the organization should communicate with the market to know exactly what they need, promotion cannot be enough because no matter how much the service is promoted if it not in need it will not sell. In communities where they live below the poverty line, an organization cannot offer massage services because they will not get those services. Price of services can be unfavorable in the current market, hence there is need to keep communication with the market to know price trend especially of competitors. Sometimes a company may have to lower their prices and if they do not might end up losing customers and at other times they have to raise. Changing terms of sales might be helpful at times, probably add additional item to attract more customers. Revising prices help the organization to remain competitive because it goes with the trend, example when prices are very high as compared to other similar services in other companies people will opt to go for the cheaper one. To know the best place you can sell your services is to send out people to talk to the customers. It is important to reflect on the place the customer and sales persons meet because change in place can raise or lower sales. Example in rural places where there

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension Essay

What Role Can Nurses Play in Treating Hypertension - Essay Example The literature review looks at some past and recent articles and studies that have specifically explored the role of nurses in the care of hypertension and how this role can evolve to provide an overall healthcare provision. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent conditions that afflict Americans. Sad though it is, what is more disturbing is the fact that a majority of the American population is unaware of their own condition. This puts such individuals in a high risk position. Hypertension does not only lead to increased risks of complications, but also increases the number of visits to the healthcare facilities, leading to loss of time, money and resources. The amount and manpower that the current health care facilities bear in treating cases of hypertension or cases related to or complicated by hypertension are enormous. With time, there is more awareness about methods to prevent, and properly manage cases of hypertension. Early diagnosis of conditions along with prevention of their complications is now one of the main priorities of the health department. Time has shown many changes and trends that have taken place in the approach for treating hypertension in the United States. The figures and statistics are promising. Studies have shown a gradual decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in the USA since the 70s, with more signs of further regression. These results have been obtained due to increased awareness, better and affordable treatment and more control over the understanding of its various physiological processes. (Burt, 1995) The nurses are perhaps the only health care personnel who come in most contact with hypertensive patients. Most of the new cases of hypertensive patients are diagnosed in ambulatory health care visits. Blood pressure readings are taken as a standard protocol in any of the doctor's or other healthcare professional's visit. It is easy to see why the chances of diagnosis of hypertension in a clinical environment and by a nurse are increased. Similarly, during the different in hospital stays and procedures, the regulation and monitoring of blood pressure is one of the most fundamental responsibilities of a nurse.This becomes all the more important in cases who are known to have high blood pressures, are admitted in the hospital due to a complication of hypertension, any co-morbid conditions or diseases, or due to any surgery that has taken place. The nurses keep check and record and up to date monitoring of the patient's vitals in all of the phases of treatment. They are also responsibl e to keep check on the follow ups of the patient and inform accordingly should the need arise.From the abovec in preventing complications due to hypertension is large and necessary. It is also therefore understood how a properly trained staff can help and assist in timely notification and treatment of untoward situations. Nurses are the key players in handling patients with all kinds of hypertension. Therefore, to ensure their proper working and efficiency, we must be able to critically analyze the performances given by the profession.The review aims to look at different studies and articles that focus on the important contributory role that nurses have played and continue to do so in caring for patients with hypertension. It will look at the different challenges that face nurses providing care to hypertensive pati

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Susan Griffin and her Our Secret - Essay Example Susan Griffin and her "Our Secret" In the process of writing Our Secret Susan Griffin mixes two different styles. Thus, she resorts to the use of academic and personal writing. All her personal writing is combined with the insertions of scientific information. In fact, the beginning of Our Secret puzzles the readers with unexpected data about the nucleus of the cell: â€Å"The nucleus of the cell derives its name from the Latin nux, meaning nut. Like the stone in a cherry, it is found in the center of the cell, and like this stone, keeps its precious kernel in a shell† (Griffin 335). This information in the beginning of the writing seems to have no sense at first sight; it seems to have no connection with secrets. However, it is not so. The author just uses this phrase to start her research. She does not refer to the writers who give only perfunctory information. Susan Griffin is eager to find out the root of all secrets in her story. That is why she needs to conduct a research and think over the things that ha ve never been considered by other authors. Sometimes it may seem that Susan Griffin uses scientific information in order to compare it to the fates of her characters. That is why she assembles fragments juxtaposes seemingly unrelated material in surprising and suggestive relationships. Each page of Our Secret is broken into italicized inter-sections. In fact, Susan griffin’s prose is applied in order to create a ‘field’ for the bodies set in it. This author seems to create the story under consideration in order to investigate the issues that have interested her. Thus, Griffin’s writing is something like the result of hard intellectual work. It is impossible to conduct a research without the use of certain research methods. What research methods were applied by Susan Griffin, then? Of course, it is observation, comparison and data analysis. In the process of writing the author watches the fates of several characters of Our Secret. They are the following ones: Heinrich, Leo and Laura. All these three characters are unhappy. After observation the author makes an attempt to find out the reason for their misfortune. That is why she looks for facts that may help her by means of science. Sometimes the readers may come across rather odd comparisons. For instance, Griffin tries to find connections between humans to rockets and nucleus cells. The analysis of the data received by Susan Griffin gives her an opportunity to draw certain conclusions; she gets the findings of her thorough research. It turns out that human fate is closely connected with the seed sowed into it. One’s feature is frequently defined by his/her childhood. It is necessary to stress that the characters introduced to the reader had unhappy childhood that influenced their life greatly. Leo and Heinrich’s upbringing are the brightest examples to support this argument. Thus, it is known that Heinrich was deprived of his own childhood too early. This boy became an adult when he was only ten. Then period of c hildish joy was substituted by responsibility and seriousness. He could not enjoy his youth and carelessness just like all other boys did. The only thing he should have done was to obey his father and snitch on all his classmates. This was a

Central Excise Duty Essay Example for Free

Central Excise Duty Essay M/s. Technocraft Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as â€Å"the said assessee†) Plot No. 518, Adinathnagar, GIDC, Odhav, Ahmedabad were engaged in the manufacture of Roll for Rolling Mills and parts falling under Chapter 84 of Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. 2.During the course of search operations carried out by the officers of Central Excise (Prev.), Ahmedabad-II at their factory premises, it was revealed that the said assessee had illicitly cleared certain goods without entering them in their records and without including the same in their clearance value during the year 2004-05 and 2005-06 their factory. 3.A Show Cause Notice was issued by the Asstt. Commissioner, Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II demanding duty of Rs. 3, 08,485/- along with consequential interest and penalty under Section 11AB 11AC of the Central Excise Act, 1944. 4.The above Show Cause Notice was adjudicated by the Assistant Commissioner, Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II vide OIO No. MP/78/Offence/07-08 dated 31.03.2008 confirming the above demand, interest and penalty equal to the duty amount. A penalty of Rs. 10,000/- was imposed on Shri Prakashbhai M. Shah, Partner of M/s. Technocraft Enterprises. The assessee had already paid the duty amount willingly vide TR-6 Challan No. 12 dated 31.07.2006. 5.Being aggrieved by the impugned order, the said assessee had filed appeal along with stay application before the Commissioner (Appeals-I), C. Ex.,  Ahmedabad. The stay application was disposed off vide stay order No. 37(Ahd-II)/2008 dated 09.07.2008 wherein under Provision of 35F of the CEA, 1944, the said assessee was directed to pre-deposit 100% of the penalty imposed under the impugned OIO. The assessee complied with the direction of Stay order and pre-deposited penalty amount of Rs. 3,08,485/- vide TR 6 Challan dated 29.07.2008. The Commissioner (Appeals-I), Central Excise, Ahmedabad vide his OIA No. 154/2008(Ahd-II) CE/ID/Commr. (A)/Ahd dated 16.12.2008 upheld the Order in Original No. MP/78/Offence/07-08 dated 31.03.2008 and rejected the appeal filed by the said assessee. 6.Being aggrieved by the OIA, the said assessee filed an appeal before Hon’ble CESTAT, Ahmedabad. The appeal was disposed off by the Hon’ble CESTAT, Ahmedabad vide Order No. A/34-35/WZB/AHD/10 dated 30.12.2009 to the extent that the penalty imposed on the appellant and paid by them is required to be reduced to 25% of the duty. Accordingly the impugned order was modified and penalties reduced to 25% of duty demand. Hence, the assessee applied for the refund of amount of excess penalty pre-deposited by them vide TR 6 Challan dated 29.07.2008 which was sanctioned vide OIO No. MP/36/Refund/10-11 dtd. 01.04.2010. 7.Meanwhile being aggrieved with the CESTAT Order, Department filed an appeal before Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat on 22.03.2010, and hence the refund claims of Rs. 2,31,364/- erroneously granted to the assessee vide OIO No MP/36/Refund/10-11 dtd. 01.04.2010 by this office was required to be recovered under Section 11A of the Central Excise Act, 1944 along with applicable rate of interest. 8.Therefore, M/s. Technocraft Enterprises, were called upon to show cause to the Deputy Commissioner of Central Excise, Division-III, Ahmedabad-II as to why the refund claim of Rs. 2,31,364/- granted erroneously vide OIO No. MP/36/Refund/10-11 dated 01.04.2010 should not be recovered from them under Section 11A (1) of the Central Excise Act, 1944 along with applicable rate of interest. Defense Reply and personal hearing: 9.The assessee vide their written submission dtd. 16.02.2012 have drawn attention to the High Court Order dated 12.01.2011 and have stated that as the Departments’ tax appeal has been dismissed by the Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat, the show cause notice may be quashed. Personal Hearing: 10.Personal Hearing was held on 16.02.2012. On behalf of the assessee, Shri Jay Kataria, working as an accountant with the said firm appeared for the hearing and re-iterated the submission made in their written reply dated 16.02.2012. He had nothing more to add. FINDINGS 11.I have carefully gone through the records of the case and the defense reply submitted during the Personal Hearing of the case. I find that the controversy involved in the present case stands concluded against revenue by the decision of the Hon’ble High Court vide Order dated 12.01.2011 in the Tax Appeal No. 736/2010. In the circumstances, there is no need to go into details; I find that the show cause notice is not sustainable.

Security Challenges for Health Information Systems

Security Challenges for Health Information Systems Curtis Anderson   Health Care Information Systems faces challenges of many organizations protecting their information systems from potential threats, such as viruses, accidental fires, untested software, and employee theft of data. Falling into three categories: Human threats (intentional or unintentional human tampering), Natural and environmental (floods, fires, and power outages), and Technology functions (failure of drives, and no backup), viruses are the most common and virulent forms of computer tampering. Another common security issues has to do with internal breaches, usually caused by installation or use of unauthorized software, illegal and illicit communication surfing sites, and e-mail harassment, and using an organizations computer for personal gain. Hardware, like software, used in health care information systems must be protected from loss caused by theft, thereby exposing confidential patient information (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013, p. 352-356). The Department of Health and Human Services Security Rules published in the Federal Register on February 20, 2003 (68 Fed. Reg. 34, 8333-8381), and was updated by the HITECH legislation, which is governed by HIPAA Security Rule protects ePHI health information that is maintained or transmitted in electronically, is closely related to HIPAA Privacy Rule, which governs all protected health information (PHI) (Wager et al., 2013, p. 356). With the advancement of mobile technology and the development of applications found in many portable devices, health intervention is beneficial in the delivery of health care data. A conducted systematic review and meta-analysis shows the effectiveness of mobile-health technology, through a controlled trial of mobile technology interventions that is used to improve the delivery process of health care information. The conducted independent study of data allocation concealment, allocation sequence, measured the effects by calculating estimates, and random effects meta-analysis(Free et al., 2013). The study showed a low risk of bias, where the health care trials supported outcomes for the appropriate management of disease, and showed significant benefits to the improvement in nurse/surgeon communication use of mobile phones for reducing diagnoses with the use of mobile technology. The conclusion of these trials showed health care providers supporting the process of intervention benefici al, but a more quality trial outcome is needed to be certain of the results. Security Challenges The responsibility of the healthcare organization should be to protect health information at all times; a critical process of security practices and regulatory compliance in the healthcare industry (Kwon Johnson, 2013). Using the Ward’s cluster analysis, a minimum variance that is based on the adoption security practice between organizations, measured the dichotomous data to indicate the presence or the absence of security practices. When identifying the relationship of clusters and regulatory compliance, the results of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society conducted a telephone-based survey, which found the United States healthcare organizations adoption of security practices, breach incident, and perceived compliance levels related to Health Inform Technology for Economic and Clinical Health, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, that state laws governing patient information security, identified three clusters: Leaders, Follower, a nd Laggers, producing a difference of non-technical practices, with the highest level compliance being associate with the organization who employed the use of a balance approach using the technical and non-technical practice (Kwon Johnson, 2013). Security Strategies Security incidents have been closely related to the use of laptops, other portable and/or mobile devices and external hardware storage that contain or used to access Electronic Protected Health Information (EPHI), falls under the responsibility of HIPAA Security Rule, which requires reviewing and modifying security policies and procedures on a regular basis (HIPAA Security Guidance, 2006). The reinforcing of ways to protect EPHI when accessed or used outside of and organization’s purview, using strategies can be reasonable and appropriate to conduct business activities using a portable medial/device (such as USB flash drives) to store EPHI, and the ability to access or transport EPHI using laptops, person digital assistants (PDAs) , home computers and non-corporate equipment, delegated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), enforce HIPAA Security Standards, to determine actions covered by the organizations is reasonable and appropriate to safeguard the confid entially, integrity and availability of EPHI (HIPAA Security Guidance, 2006). The organization should establish risk analysis and risk management drive policies to reduce vulnerabilities that can be associated with remote access, and offsite use of EPHI. Establishing training policies in the workplace to address any vulnerability that may be associates with remote access to EPHI, by changing and safeguarding passwords, protecting remote device/media by creating polices that prohibits these devise unattended, and the transmitting of EPHE on open networks or downloading EPHI on open networks or downloading EPHI on a remote computer (HIPAA Security Guidance, 2006). It is important that a security incident and non-compliance issue be address in order to manage any harmful effects of the loss of the device, by securing and securing evidence, managing harmful effects, and notifying the affected party. Allowing for or the requiring of offsite use of, or access to EPHI should have and established strategy plan developed and implemented for the authorization and access of EPHI in accordance with HIPAA Security Rule  §164.308(a)(4) and the HIPAA Privacy Rule  §164.508(HIPAA Security Guidance, 2006). Social Networks Underlying factors have concluded that a lack of information regarding the benefits, and limitations of social media health communication amongst the general public, and health professionals, use a systematic approach to identify, these benefits, and/or limitations of social media to communicate health data by a methodological quality of study that is assessed. There were seven main issues of social media, which includes focusing on increased interactions with others, to facilitate, share, and obtaining health messages, as the new dimension to health care medium use by the public, patients, and health professionals who communicate health issues for improving health outcomes. The study shows that social media can be used as a powerful tool, which offers collaboration between users, and social interaction for a range of individuals to share data electronically (Moorhead et al., 2013). Securing Data on Social Networks There is a remarkable surge surrounding personal health record (PHR) systems for the patient and consumer, however biomedical studies do not show a potentially adequate capability and utility of PHR system (Tang, Ash, Bates, Overhage, Sands, 2006), hinders toe widespread deployment of PHR adoption. Since health care records are more than just a static repository for patient data, it combines data, knowledge, and software tools, to help patients become active participants in their own care. However, the challenges of, technical, social, organizational, legal, and financial requires further study, that requires stakeholder, patients, provider, employers, payers, government, and research institutions to play key roles for developing PHR technology to overcome the barriers to the widespread adoption of PHRs, and develop polices, the cost associate with PHR in medical errors, dollars, and lives, to realize the potential benefits of routine health care and catastrophic disasters (Tang et al., 2006). Strategies to Safeguard Data The use of new technology, applications and platforms, such as â€Å"social media,† has created new opportunities in healthcare but raises privacy and security challenges, The need to adapt old police and procedures, privacy and security protocols to cover communication channels and date sharing needs to be used effectively to protect a healthcare organization from the risk of a disclosing the privacy of a patient’s data (Social Media in Healthcare: Privacy and Security Considerations, n.d.). This process of using online tools and platform for sharing content and information for the purpose of: Delivering pre-development content – sending e-mail or posting on a website, engaging a population in discussion – to facilitate brand awareness/customer satisfaction, and manage communication – that offers individuals and organization a convenient organized way to consolidate their communication. The challenges healthcare organizations face is: Ethical challenges – an acceptable standard of regulatory and legal requirements that is mandated by Title II of HIPAA, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the National Center for Ethics in Healthcare (NCHEC), and the World Health Organization Ethics and Health Initiative (Social Media in Healthcare: Privacy and Security Considerations, n.d.), to avoid any misconduct or unethical behavior becoming a serious issue with regard to the use of social media. The U.S Supreme Court decision on Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc. addressed the issue of aggregated databases and the sale of prescriber data for marketing prescription drugs, where the ability to distribute, exchange, and use date from multiple sources is integral to clinical informatics, research, public health, quality improvement, and other healthcare operations. A pharmacy filling a prescription collects detailed information which includes patient and provider names, drugs, and the dosage and prescribed quantities, and the date of the prescription being filled, allows a pharmacy to sell prescription information to data-mining companies of a patient’s information once it has been de-identified by meeting the HIPAA standards. However, legislation sought to restrict the sale of prescription date for marketing purpose using the prescription confidentiality law of 2006, where a data-mining company must obtain permission from the provider before selling prescription records (Peters en, DeMuro, Goodman, Kaplan, 2013). Hackers, cyberattacks and data breaches are the major attacks from outsiders, the motive and type of hackers is complex to chief information security officers (CISOs) and their staff in order to take action to protect and defend their data system. Causing grate consequences to the organizations, along with bad press, impact on reputation, and drop in share prices, requires legal action if a breach involves personal data theft. Identified as a data breach, the loss of control compromises unauthorized disclosure, unauthorized acquisition, and unauthorized access to data physically or electronically (Hayden, 2015). The protection of all date is impossible, as the proliferation of portable media, smartphones, USB drives and laptops increase the opportunity for the loss or theft of these devices along with their data requires that steps be taken to enable the encryption of mobile devise, and to immediately inform security management of a device being stolen, lost, data being compromised. Trends in enterprise mobility has made mobile device security imperative, and the sales of smartphones is surpassing PC sales, the completive edge and benefits of mobility can be lost if the smartphone and tablet PC are not protected against mobile security threats: Mobile malware – Smartphones and table are susceptible to worms, viruses, Trojans and spyware. Eavesdropping – wireless networks use of link-level security lack end-to-end upper-layer security, allowing for unencrypted data to be eavesdropped upon. Unauthorized access – the storing of login information to applications on mobile devise can be easily access to allow intruders access to email accounts and applications, and social media networks. Theft and loss – storing significant amounts of sensitive data on a mobile device can be critical if you are in a hurry and leave you iPhone in a taxicab, restaurant, and data loss can occur. Unlicensed and unmanaged applications – this can cost a c ompany in legal cost (Learning guide: Mobile device protection, 2015). Government and Quasi-government Benefitting from health surveillance, has pioneered, informatics analysis, and solutions in the field of informatics to serve other facets of public health, to include emergency response, environmental health, nursing, and administration. As the systematic application of information and computer science and technology, public health practice, research, and learning professions apply mathematic, engineering, information science, and social science to public health problems and processes that are important to biomedical or health informatics (Savel Foldy, 2012). With seven ongoing elements of any public health surveillance system: Planning and system design – to identify information and sources that addresses the surveillance goal. Data Collection – The use of different collection methods, to identify the appropriate use of a structured data system that supports easier, faster, and higher-quality data entry fields compared to free test, useful vocabulary, and data standa rds. Date management and collation – are used to share data across different computing/technology platforms to link data with data from a legacy system. Analysis – is used for the statistical and visualization application, to generate algorithms that alert users of aberrations in health event. Interpretation – this is useful to compare information from one surveillance program with other data sets. Application to public health programs – this utility assesses surveillance data directly flowing into an information system that support public health interventions and information elements (Savel Foldy, 2012). The challenges of surveillance informatics includes an efficient and effective way to combine sources of complex data and information into an actionable knowledgeable to meet the challenges to arise at a faster, better, and lower cost surveillance and interpretation of health events and trends, the leveraging of technology standards ability to not only talk and listen, but understand each other. Adopting such a system is insufficient since both semantic and syntactic standard must be implemented and tested to ensure system validity. In conclusion, healthcare security is vital to the securing and protecting a patient’s privacy and healthcare information from being breached, lost, stolen, while protecting the healthcare system from viruses, worms, malware and spyware, that can affect the integrity of an organization, a drop in stock prices, and legal issues. Protecting any system that stores vital organization and personal information should be a priority. References Free, C., Phillips, G., Watson, L., Galli, L., Felix, L., Edwards, P., Haines, A. (2013). The effectiveness of mobile-health technologies to improve health care service delivery processes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23458994 HIPAA Security Guidance. (2006). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/securityrule/remoteuse.pdf Hayden, E. (2015). Data breach protection requires new barriers. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/feature/Data-breach-protection-requires-new-barriers Kwon, J., Johnson, E. M. (2013). Security practices and regulatory compliance in the healthcare industry. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/84758015/security-practices-regulatory-compliance-healthcare-industry Learning guide: Mobile device protection. (2015). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/guides/Mobile-device-protection-and-security-threat-measures Moorhead, PhD, MSc, S. A., Hazlett, PhD, MSc, D. E., Harrison, MSc, L., Carroll, MD, MPH, J. K., Irwin, PhD, A., Hoving, PhD, C. (2013). A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits, and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3636326/ Petersen, C., DeMuro, P., Goodman, K. W., Kaplan, B. (2013). Sorrell v. IMS Health: issues and opportunities for informaticians. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104048 Savel, MD, T. G., Foldy, MD, S. (2012). The Role of Public Health Informatics in Enhancing Public Health Surveillance. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6103a5.htm?s_cid=su6103a5_x Social Media in Healthcare: Privacy and Security Considerations. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://himss.files.cms-plus.com/HIMSSorg/Content/files/Social_Media_Healthcare_WP_F Tang, MD, MS, P. C., Ash, PhD, J. S., Bates, MD, D. W., Overhage, MD, PhD, J. M., Sands, MD, MPH, D. Z. (2006). Personal Health Records: Definitions, Benefits, and Strategies for Overcoming Barriers to Adoption. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447551/ Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., Glaser, J. P. (2013). Health Care Information Systems (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Welcome To The Underground :: essays research papers

While America sleeps safely at night, safe and secure in their world there is another world taking place, a more dangerous and wild world. A world going on right beneath their noses. Its taking place in their super markets, in empty whare houses, forgotten buildings, parks, and yes friends even there roller skating rinks. Many will never know hear about this world that usually takes place every Friday and Saturday. For it may be safer to not know, for if one knows one may be tempted to want to experience this world. Experiencing this world has been know to alter many lives. For once going underground theres no turning back, this ladies and gentleman this is the world of the Rave...We walked towards the castle drawn like magnets, already sensing the hum of activity that lay inside. Already overly excited from the many energy drinks we had consumed for â€Å"ultimate performance.† My friend explained to me that a man named John Bishop started building this castle single handily along with some help of his family in 1963 and every year he would add something new. It is nestled in the foothills of Pueblo, Colorado and safe from any civilized towns. As my companions and I drew closer the butterflies in my stomach flapped louder and louder. The moon was shining brightly right over our heads the time about midnight I estimated and still our journey had not begun. There were people frolicking everywhere mostly teenagers, but people of all ages. They were dancing and hugging and running around energetically. Mostly dressed in baggy jeans and trippy outfits I saw one girl wearing a see-through plastic skirt with her underwear showing plainly. Others had on doctors masks, carried glow sticks, and some had pacifiers in their mouth, I didn’t know why. Everyone seemed to now everyone else. Except for me of course I knew no one. I looked at myself, jeans and a T-shirt. â€Å"I don’t think Im dressed right,† I whispered to my friend, a so-called Rave expert. â€Å"Don’t worry man nobodies going to care,† he replied. We were now nearing the entrance to the castle, each grabbing our tickets tightly holding them as if they were the golden ticket in Willy Wonka. I handed my ticket to the door man, got a half hearted pat down by the security guard and stepped into the world of the rave.My first thought was, â€Å"What did I get myself into!† People were moving everywhere at a high speed pace flying around like bee’s in a hive.

The Theme of Loneliness in I Am the King of the Castle Essay -- Susan

The novel â€Å"I am the King of the Castle† clearly explores the themes of loneliness, sadness and depression in its plot. All of the main characters have difficulties with relationships and end up facing depressive moments and experiences, some insignificant but some crucial and terrifying. Joseph Hooper (father), Edmund Hooper (son) and Charles Kingshaw are three characters showing explicit loneliness almost throughout the whole novel. Their loneliness is shown by several reasons and caused by a large number of factors, most involving family issues. Joseph Hooper’s loneliness is caused mainly by his everyday lifestyle and habits. The loss of his wife made him deserted and very distant from his own son, Edmund Hooper. He is absent from the life of his son, ending up with having no one at all. Susan Hill makes us notice Joseph Hooper ´s loneliness in several ways using special techniques. It is easy to tell he is lonely without having to read much into the book or into his character. He doesn’t have a wife, and is not close to his son at all, neither by companionship nor by simply just educating him. Susan Hill also describes him in a very insecure way. We can notice this because he is always trying to prove himself to other people, even to his son, showing immaturity and lack of confidence. His timidity allows him to be easily vulnerable: â€Å"He shrank from the impression in the boy’s eyes, from his knowingness. He was his mother’s son.† Joseph hooper is so apprehensive, he is threatened by his own son. We can notice he is also a kind of â€Å"desperate† guy by the way he acts towards Miss Kingshaw and by the fact that he wants her recieves her in his house without even knowing her well enough. His insecur... ...alone with no one looking after him leads him into a very narrowed mind, that suggests that he needs to be alone and be the best when actually the thing he most wants is enchantment and worship. Kingshaw’s suffering mostly comes from his mother’s atitude, but he is so used to also being alone that he dosen’t attemp to save himself or ask for help, he gives up taking death as an easier option than persistance and fighting. Susan Hill’s cinematic view, helps to create tension and increases the characters feelings. The theme loneliness is carried through the whole book. It is actually the principal subject and doesen’t even get better at the end. As well as leading one of the characters to suicide, the loneliness remais because Hooper got what he wanted at the end but he is in fact still alone and miseralble with the same deterring father and Miss Kingshaw.

Marketing Management Essay

1. What do we really know about this situation? We know that along with PV Technologies, two other companies – SOMA Energy and BJ Solar are in the supplier’s shortlist that Solenergy has to provide a large quantity of utility scale central inverters for a PV solar energy power plant. Each of these companies sent their proposals, and a final decision is being reached by Solenergy. If the two competitor rely mostly on lower prices of their product, PV technologies rely on their superior efficiency and a warranty of 10 years, the double that each of the direct competitors offer. In terms of market, we know also that many governments have long-term objectives that will probably keep alive public and private investments in renewable energy power sources, where photovoltaic segments have a solid ground. 2. Is this just a brush fire or an important problem? It’s an important problem, because if the rumors are to be believed, PV Technologies are in verge of losing the contract, and this deal is strategic not only because of the large profits that it can generate, but mainly for the visibility impact that it’ll have in the marketplace, possibly a dramatic one if the contract is lost. That would have a negative impact not only in the solar plant segment, but in consumer segments too. 3. How profitable is each of the four alternatives suggested? The rationale behind on first alternative is the offering of an extended 10 years warranty with special conditions. The customer pays 18% of the purchase price of the inverters at the beginning of each year included in the extended warranty period. This sum, however, cannot be considered profit, because eventual money not spent on maintenance is returned to the costumer at the end of the year. The total profit in this scenario is $7. 128. 000, for a period of 20 years. The profits in the 4th alternative are not known, for they depend on further negotiations with Morgan. In this alternative, PVT will try to figure out if the evaluation method used by Solenergy had flaws, and show the data that they collected from their our analysis, which may have been collected with a more rigorous and thorough methods, indicated that their inverted were superior by a margin great enough to justify the price differences between their proposal and those of the competitors. 4. What other product management considerations should be addressed when planning a new product or service introduction or managing an existing product or service in this market place? The considerations that have to be taken into account when introducing new services or products and maintaining current ones in these market are slightly different. The introduction of a new product or service makes only sense if it fits well in the company’s portfolio. It should complement the existing offer, so that the customers can perceive clearly the different benefits of each distinct offer. For example, the introduction of the new 1. 25MW inverter only makes sense if its price is significantly higher than the 1. 00MW counterpart, or in alternative, the cost of the weaker version should be lowered. Such a decision can be taken accordingly to the threat level that other competitors are posing. Lowering prices is a more aggressive strategy, however is should be applied only when necessary, so that the profit margins are kept as high as possible all the times. There are other considerations that apply both to new and existing products and services. There always has to be the perspective that the offers – new or old – satisfy an actual necessity of the market. This can be asserted by market analysis, statistical processing, questionnaires or other forms of marketing research. In the specific renewal solar power market, we know that many governments around the world are â€Å"sponsoring† and giving incentives to short, mid and long-term investments in this market. This information is extremely relevant to formulate a strategy, Moreover, the major players in the same segments as the products or services must be also analyzed, so that the changes of success are high enough to risk launching – or maintaining – those product and services in the market. What will PVTs product team want to say about the new products, particularly the accelerated introduction of the new central inverter and the marketing initiative? R&D? The finance people? The engineers? The public relations people? Sales? Customer service? R&D people have reservations regarding a premature introduction of the new product in the market. They recognize that it may be an attractive offer to Morgan and Solenergy, but are concerned that by collapsing the test phase for the launch to be on time, the risks of potential operating malfunction are greater. The finance people share this concern, but don’t think that it will impress Solenergy because some opinions within the industry favor the coupling of smaller PV inverters rather than building larger ones, supposedly reducing the costs in this way. Basically, they are against this option. Contrary to the finance people, engineers are confident that this alternative could work, for the technical advantages that it offers would enable PVT to beat the competition with ease, without compromising their profits in this project. Public relations and marketing people also favor this alternative. They think that the new powerful inverter will address the market needs. Being the first company to introduce an inverter with 1. 25MW, PVT would reinforce their leadership status. Sales force are confident that the new inverter could be successfully sold by utility users and the price was attractive. 6. How should PVT promote itself in the first quarter 2012 and position the launch of the new 1. 25 MW central inverter that’s been re-schedule for introduction in January? PVT will have a great opportunity to differentiate from its competitor with the new 1. 25MW central inverter. I’ll be the first company to introduce this product to the market and the advantages comparing to the 1. 00MW version are obvious. There’s a most appreciated increase in the energy output, and thus this should be the best way for PVT to make the consumers perceive the new product – the most powerful (or prolific) inverter in the market. To avoid cannibalization, the chosen price should be higher than the current 1. 00MW inverter. 7. What conclusions can be drawn about the evolution and impending changes in technology, pricing, and buying criteria in this business? As the technology becomes more and more accessible and cheap, new low-cost companies are threatening the whole equilibrium that exists on the inverter business. Chinese companies, for example, are already offering products that, although inferior in quality and reliability, have a much inferior target price. It is reasonable to think that with time, the gap in the quality level with reduce, and as it happens the price with pose a bigger and bigger problem to the other players. However, if a differentiation strategy is applied by the companies with better technology and capable R&D department, the gap in technology and directly related benefits will enable those companies to survive and maintain a healthy portion of the market share 8. What short and long term policies and processes should PVT develop and implement to effectively improve its marketing programs? In order to enable a continuous and more effective differentiation they have to: – Continuously evaluate competitor’s products – Help states and consumers to reach the long-term government objectives in terms of percentage of energy generated by inverters.

Ethical Delima

This case presents an ethical dilemma, a situation which arises when one must choose between mutually exclusive alternatives (Beauchamp& Walters, 2003). Decisions may have results that are desirable in some respects and undesirable in others. In Juana's case, her decision to refuse the blood transfusion had the desired outcome of allowing her to remain true to her religious beliefs. However, her choice also resulted in her death. If she had followed the recommendation of the physicians and the team, the desirable outcome would have been possible survival but would have had the undesired effect of violating her religious principles.The major ethical dilemma was that by honoring the patient's autonomy and religious beliefs, the physicians and interdisciplinary team were faced with compromising their moral duty to administer professional care in accordance with established standards (Chua & Tham, 2006). A brief review of the literature of Nursing Collection II: Lippincott Nursing Journa ls (from Ovid) and CINAHL databases for the past 5 years found no evidence to support best practice for a Jehovah's Witness who is pregnant and has experienced blunt trauma.Healthcare providers faced with this situation have sometimes attempted to obtain court orders that would overrule the patient's decision and result in her submitting to recommended medical treatment. For example, the Illinois Supreme Court (Illinois v. Brown, 1996) upheld a mother's decision to refuse blood transfusions even though they were vital for both the mother's and fetus' survival. The Patient's Bill of Rights states that the healthcare providers' responsibility is to give patients accurate information and that patients must consent to treatment (New York State Department of Health, 2008).This is consistent with the Federal government's recommendations to create guidelines that assure healthcare quality and to reaffirm the critical role consumers play in safeguarding their own health, (United States Depa rtment of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nursing practice is governed by the patient's right to autonomy rather than her religious beliefs (Levy, 1999). The first item in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses with Interpretative Statements (2001) addresses respect for human dignity:â€Å"Truth telling and the process of reaching informed choice underlie the exercise of self-determination, which is basic to respect for person †¦ Clients have the moral right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate information, and all the information necessary for making informed judgments; to be assisted with weighing the benefits and burdens of options in their treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without coercion; and to be given necessary emotional support† (p. 1).However, it is difficult to witness death based on a person's decision to forgo care when medical options to sustain life are available. Treating this type of patient becomes particularly challenging when it involves two lives. Virtue ethics To analyze this ethical dilemma, the principles of Western medicine and the religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses were examined. The questions that surfaced were (a) how would the application of virtue ethics provide insight into Juana's situation, (b) what were the ethical principles in conflict, and (c) why was it an issue to administer a blood transfusion to Juana in an emergency situation.Volbrecht's framework for ethical analysis was utilized to address the clinical dilemma and the questions listed above. Virtue ethics was the primary theory employed prior to the 17th century. This theory centers on shared familial and cultural histories and religious traditions and acknowledges the community's ability to identify, interpret, prioritize, and adjust to moral considerations within a particular context (Volbrecht, 2002). The following is an exposition of this case according to virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on what is morally correct from the patient's viewpoint and centers on the patient's autonomy.Actions and character are intertwined, and the ability to act morally is contingent on one's moral character and integrity. Virtue ethics focuses on the context of the situation (Volbrecht, 2002). Ethical analysis of virtue ethics entails (a) identifying the problem, (b) analyzing context, (c) exploring options, (d) applying the decision process, and (e) implementing the plan and evaluating results (Volbrecht, 2002). Identifying the problem Juana, a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, 32 weeks pregnant, was involved in a car accident. Internal bleeding to the thoracic or abdominal cavity was suspected.The stakeholders were the woman, her husband, the fetus, and the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The team thought the best method of treatment for this patient was to administer a blood transfusion and perform an emergency cesarean section. Both the patient and her husband ref used this option because of their religious beliefs and provided written documentation indicating that the patient would not accept blood or blood products. The value issues were the physical survival of the woman and her fetus versus the woman's religious integrity. Analyzing contextTo understand the decision-making process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, compassion, and respect. The patient's religious beliefs and how they influenced her decision must also be taken into consideration. Gardiner (2003) confirms that the ethical principles mentioned above influence one's choices. In Juana's case, the healthcare team suspected she was experiencing internal bleeding and that she and the fetus were in physiological distress. Juana's decision to reject the proposed treatment was based on her stated religious beliefs.The contextual factors of this case centered on the patient's religious beliefs. The patient stated she would â€Å"rather be embraced in the hollow bosom of Jehovah than to be condemned for all eternity,† if she should receive a blood transfusion. Nurses draw from the code of ethics to reflect upon and understand the person's perspective, and to honor her wishes. â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature of the health problem† (ANA, 2001, p.1). To respect the patient's decision and honor her dignity, supportive care was provided to the patient in an effort to save her life, while at the same time respecting her wishes. The ANA Code of Ethics supports the point of view that healthcare providers should respect patients' wishes and decisions despite their own personal beliefs (ANA, 2001). Applying an ethical decision process Looking through the lens of virtue ethics, the caregivers focused on Juana's autonomy and her ri ght to choose what she perceived best in spite of the possible outcomes.Juana was a competent, pregnant woman who made informed decisions not to receive blood transfusions or a caesarean section. Based on virtue ethics, the healthcare providers respected the patient's autonomy by reflecting on and honoring the decision of the patient and her husband based on her religious values and beliefs. The healthcare providers also drew on the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the well-being of others. In this case, the well-being was not physiological but spiritually oriented.The principle of nonmaleficence was also employed by not intentionally inflicting harm on the patient and honoring her wishes. Violation of a client's deeply held beliefs is a form of doing harm. (Leonard & Plotnikoff, 2000). They also drew from the principles of veracity and respect, which entail being truthful to the patient and allowing her to make an informed decision (Volbrecht, 2002). The nursing virtues of compassion, moral courage, and self-reliance also contribute to an understanding of this situation. Evaluating resultsAt the time this clinical situation presented itself there were no specific guidelines in the institution for dealing with the dilemma presented by this case. However, there are guidelines for Jehovah's Witnesses specifically geared to early identification and management of gynecological patients. For example, in Australasia, there are specific guidelines for treating pregnant women that focus on stabilizing the patient by using traditional and new treatment modalities to meet patient needs, particularly for Jehovah's Witnesses or other patients who decline blood transfusions (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005).For antepartum patients, the guidelines focus on early identification of Jehovah's Witnesses during prenatal visits, as well as placing these patients on a high risk protocol, including maintenance of high hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, having advance directives completed, and establishing affiliations with other hospitals that are well-equipped and staffed to meet these patients' needs (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005). The Hartford Hospital in Connecticut has a similar program and also performs bloodless procedures on patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses (Miller, 1996).As a result of Juana's case being reviewed by the ethics committee post-mortem, a risk-management protocol was developed requiring patients who refuse blood transfusions to sign a waiver that removes the legal responsibility for the decision from the hospital and caregivers. To support this type of protocol, the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management maintains a database of hospitals that provide blood-conserving services in the United States as well as in Canada, Chile, Korea, and South Africa (Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, 2008).The problem, however, in an emergency situation is that it may not be possible to get the pat ient to a participating hospital. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (2004) recommends that advance directives and other legal papers be in place should an emergency arise. These documents should be easily accessible so that healthcare providers can honor the patient's directives. In so doing, they will be applying the theory of virtue ethics and, therefore, respect the patient's wishes (Macklin, 2003).Healthcare providers should practice beneficence and non-maleficence without imposing their beliefs as to the right thing to do. More explicit and universal guidelines would benefit both patients and providers when faced with similar ethical dilemmas. Conclusion In nursing practice, cases of patients refusing blood transfusions or other interventions are becoming more common. Therefore, content regarding ethical issues, such as Juana's case, needs to be integrated into nursing curricula and the clinical arena.Nursing educators who incorporate bioethics into critical thinking in cl inical decision making situations can prepare novice and experienced nurses to handle complex ethical dilemmas, such as described in this paper. The learning process may be facilitated through integrating lectures with case studies and utilizing patient simulators to further enhance the learning process (Larew et al. , 2006).These teaching approaches would provide the opportunity to expose nurses to scenarios of acute patients where they can intervene in a safe environment, which in turn would decrease their anxiety and promote learning. Nurse educators can further facilitate the learning process by providing clinical experiences with diverse patient populations in a variety of settings followed by discussion of actual clinical experiences, ethical issues, and debriefing (Larew et al. , 2006).Nursing faculty have an ethical responsibility to prepare competent nurses and facilitate continuing education that will help nurses recognize ethical dilemmas in practice and apply ethical pri nciples in trying to resolve them. The focus in practice, education, and research must be on providing care that respects patients' cultural beliefs and autonomy. Nursing educators should place equal emphasis on ethics in order to provide the best holistic care possible. To do anything else is a disservice both to the profession and to our patients.